{"id":4230,"date":"2022-04-25T09:34:47","date_gmt":"2022-04-25T07:34:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/labvet.cz\/blog\/?p=4230"},"modified":"2025-03-07T19:12:21","modified_gmt":"2025-03-07T18:12:21","slug":"pribuzenska-plemenitba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/labvet.cz\/blog\/pribuzenska-plemenitba\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e1 plemenitba u ps\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ti, kdo se chovem ps\u016f zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed del\u0161\u00ed dobu si asi vzpomenou, \u017ee se o p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 plemenitb\u011b d\u0159\u00edve moc nemluvilo. Zlom nastal na konci XX. stolet\u00ed a nezanedbatelnou roli v tom hr\u00e1la kniha Chov ps\u016f v roce 2000<\/em>. Napsal ji pan Hellmuth Wachtel a sna\u017eil se v n\u00ed upozornit na probl\u00e9my doprov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kryc\u00edch ps\u016f a p\u0159\u00edbuzenskou plemenitbu. Pan Wachtel poch\u00e1zel z Rakouska, byl genetik a chovu ps\u016f se v\u011bnoval v\u00edc ne\u017e 40 let. Byl autorem velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed odborn\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a tak\u00e9 p\u0159ekladatelem kynologick\u00e9 literatury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Reprodukce ps\u016f: ur\u010den\u00ed dne kryt\u00ed a hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed cyklus feny, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka Vladim\u00edry Tich\u00e9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dnes je ot\u00e1zka p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 plemenitby velmi diskutovanou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Ti, kdo j\u00ed nekriticky odm\u00edtaj\u00ed, jsou ochotn\u00ed pran\u00fd\u0159ovat ka\u017ed\u00e9ho chovatele, kter\u00fd ji v chovu vyu\u017eije. Ti, kdo j\u00ed nekriticky podporuj\u00ed, jsou ochotni ji pou\u017e\u00edt v praxi tam, kde by se j\u00ed m\u011bli vyhnout. Spory okolo p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 plemenitby mezi odp\u016frci a p\u0159\u00edznivci se ob\u010das vedou snad ve v\u0161ech klubech. Mo\u017en\u00e1 tedy stoj\u00ed za to si okolo toho n\u011bco vysv\u011btlit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obecn\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee o p\u0159\u00edbuzenskou plemenitbu se jedn\u00e1, pokud m\u00e1 jedinec v jedn\u00e9 nebo v\u00edce generac\u00edch stejn\u00e9 p\u0159edky. N\u011bkdo hovo\u0159\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edbuznosti ve \u010dty\u0159ech \u010di p\u011bti generac\u00edch, nen\u00ed to ale \u00fapln\u00e1 pravda. P\u0159\u00edbuznost m\u016f\u017ee zasahovat mnohem d\u00e1l, jen ji v sou\u010dasn\u00fdch t\u0159\u00ed nebo \u010dty\u0159 genera\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fkazech p\u016fvodu u\u017e nevid\u00edme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Cairn teri\u00e9r, baset, foto Jn Tiuch\u00fd<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee se p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e1 plemenitba d\u00e1 spo\u010d\u00edtat. Nej\u010dast\u011bji je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n tak zvan\u00fd Wright\u016fv vzorec, a pokud m\u00e1te chu\u0165 se do probl\u00e9mu pono\u0159it hloub\u011bji, najdete ho i s vysv\u011btlen\u00edm na internetu. Zhruba je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b Wrightova vzorce se spo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 koeficient p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 plemenitby. <\/strong>Ten pak vyjad\u0159uje ztr\u00e1tu genetick\u00e9 r\u016fznorodosti ur\u010dit\u00e9ho jedince. Odborn\u011b se to naz\u00fdv\u00e1 variabilita a jedn\u00e1 se vlastn\u011b o ur\u010den\u00ed m\u00edry d\u011bdi\u010dn\u011b podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch znak\u016f, v jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u00edskal potomek stejnou vlohu pro vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho znaku (exteri\u00e9r) nebo vlastnosti (povaha, zdrav\u00ed) od otce i od matky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chovatel\u00e9 si te\u010f mo\u017en\u00e1 \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159esn\u011b to by cht\u011bli, tedy upevnit ve sv\u00e9m chovu standardn\u00ed exteri\u00e9rov\u00e9 znaky nebo vlastnosti. Velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m ale spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e1 plemenitba upev\u0148uje nejen to, co chceme, ale i to, o\u010d v\u016fbec nestoj\u00edme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
V\u00fdhodn\u00e9 cenov\u00e9 akce pr\u00e9miov\u00e9ho krmiva pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9 psy i \u0161t\u011b\u0148ata zna\u010dky Specific\u2122. V akci najdete i veterin\u00e1rn\u00ed dietu s n\u00edzk\u00fd obsahem tuk\u016f a kalori\u00ed pro psy s nadv\u00e1hou.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Chovatel\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed o exteri\u00e9ru psa. Zapom\u00ednaj\u00ed na to, \u017ee sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed chovu je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed a ty p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e1 plemenitba dok\u00e1\u017ee negativn\u011b ovlivnit. M\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vliv nap\u0159. na \u017eivotaschopnost potomk\u016f, nedostatky v obranyschopnosti organizmu a pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 odezvy na o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, v dosp\u011blosti nedostatky v oblasti reprodukce a probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 lze nazvat konstitu\u010dn\u00ed – slab\u00e1 konstituce, slab\u00e1 kostra, nervov\u00e1 labilita, kousavost, obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1 cvi\u010ditelnost atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edbuzenskou plemenitbou se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed i p\u0159edpisy FCI. V Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed chovatelsk\u00e9 strategii FCI (najdete ji na www.cmku.cz-dokumenty<\/a>) je naps\u00e1no \u017ee: \u201eK zachov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo pos\u00edlen\u00ed genetick\u00e9 rozmanitosti plemene bychom se m\u011bli vyvarovat matadorbreedingu (opakov\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho jedince n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t v jednom rodokmenu) a \u00fazk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 plemenitby. Nem\u011blo by doch\u00e1zet ke spojen\u00ed sourozenc\u016f, matky a syna nebo otce a dcery. Obecn\u011b se doporu\u010duje, aby \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pes nem\u011bl v\u00edce potomk\u016f ne\u017e je 5% po\u010dtu \u0161t\u011b\u0148at registrovan\u00fdch v populaci plemene b\u011bhem p\u011bti let. Velikost populace by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt br\u00e1na jen na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni, ale tak\u00e9 na \u00farovni mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed, a to zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u plemen s m\u00e1lopo\u010detnou chovnou z\u00e1kladnou.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkdy tak\u00e9 b\u00fdv\u00e1 uv\u00e1d\u011bno, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e1 plemenitby by nem\u011bla p\u0159ekro\u010dit koeficient 12,5%. Ten, kdo se nechce zdr\u017eovat po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm, m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edt tabulku z publikace Dr. Jarom\u00edra Dost\u00e1la Genetika v kynologick\u00e9 praxi<\/em>. P\u0159ipomenout je ur\u010dit\u011b t\u0159eba, \u017ee uveden\u00e1 tabulka po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 jen s jedn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm p\u0159edkem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koeficient p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 plemenitby<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Typ spojen\u00ed<\/td>Koeficient v %<\/td><\/tr>
Sourozenci mezi sebou<\/td>25%<\/td><\/tr>
Rodi\u010de a d\u011bti<\/td>25%<\/td><\/tr>
Polosourozenci mezi sebou<\/td>12,5%<\/td><\/tr>
Prarodi\u010de s\u00a0vnou\u010daty<\/td>12,5%<\/td><\/tr>
Bratranci a sest\u0159enice se \u010dty\u0159mi spole\u010dn\u00fdmi d\u011bdy<\/td>12,5%<\/td><\/tr>
Str\u00fdc nebi teta s\u00a0nete\u0159\u00ed \u010di synovcem<\/td>12,5%<\/td><\/tr>
Polostr\u00fdc a poloteta s\u00a0nete\u0159\u00ed a synovcem<\/td>6,25%<\/td><\/tr>
Polobratranec a polosest\u0159enice s\u00a0jedn\u00edm spole\u010dn\u00fdm d\u011bdou<\/td>3,13%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 chovatelsk\u00e9 kluby maj\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch p\u0159edpisech jasn\u011b definovan\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed \u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc\u00ed, jak\u00fd typ p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 plemenitby je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt. Jinde je v\u0161e ponech\u00e1no na chovateli s t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd poradce chovu by m\u011bl na mo\u017en\u00e9 negativn\u00ed dopady spojen\u00ed upozornit. Klub m\u00e1 nebo by m\u011bl m\u00edt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehled o chovn\u00fdch jedinc\u00edch nebo o v\u00fdsledc\u00edch jednotliv\u00fdch spojen\u00ed a m\u011bl by informace chovatel\u016fm poskytovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e1 plemenitba je ur\u010dit\u00fdm druhem chovu. Nakonec by bez n\u00ed asi nevznikla plemena ps\u016f. Pokud se k n\u00ed m\u00e1 ale p\u0159istoupit, je t\u0159eba v\u011bd\u011bt, \u201ena \u010dem se d\u011bl\u00e1\u201c, tedy jak\u00e1 je kvalita vybran\u00e9ho otce i matky a zda v\u011bdom\u011b nekombinujeme n\u011bjak\u00e9 vady a to zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vady zdravotn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Druh\u00fdm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm aspektem je i to, zda potomci z p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 plemenitby budou m\u00edt \u0161anci na v\u00fdb\u011br nep\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho partnera. T\u0159et\u00ed velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e1 plemena spadaj\u00ed do kategorie m\u00e1lopo\u010detn\u00fdch plemen s malou chovnou z\u00e1kladnou a \u017ee se prost\u011b p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 plemenitb\u011b nelze vyhnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Probl\u00e9my m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat i nadm\u011brn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho psa. Je pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee se n\u011bkter\u00fd nov\u00fd chovn\u00fd pes majitel\u016fm fen l\u00edb\u00ed. Pokud ale m\u00e1 v\u00edc potomk\u016f, ne\u017e je rozumn\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee se plemeno dostat do situace, kdy se bez p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 plemenitby dal\u0161\u00ed generace neobejdou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u017eili jsme to v praxi, kdy se do \u010cR dovezl irsk\u00fd teri\u00e9r Camogie Crusader. Byl to n\u00e1dhern\u00fd pes a pokryl cca 80 % na\u0161ich chovn\u00fdch fen. Kdy\u017e se v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch generac\u00edch pou\u017eil na p\u0159\u00edbuzenskou plemenitbu, byly v\u00fdsledky katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed. Potomk\u016fm chyb\u011blo n\u011bkdy i 10 zub\u016f. V chovu se objevila d\u011bdi\u010dn\u011b podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed hyperkerat\u00f3za, kterou jsme zat\u00edm neznali a v\u00edc ne\u017e 50% jedinc\u016f bylo b\u00e1zliv\u00fdch a kousav\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud se vr\u00e1t\u00edme k  ot\u00e1zce zda p\u0159\u00edbuzenskou plemenitbu ano nebo ne, tak lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e1 plemenitba je zp\u016fsobem chovu a to zp\u016fsobem obecn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm. M\u011bla by se d\u011blat s ur\u010dit\u00fdm z\u00e1m\u011brem a ne proto, \u017ee nep\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd pes je o 50 km d\u00e1l, ne\u017e ten p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd. M\u011bla by se d\u011blat na z\u00e1klad\u011b detailn\u00edch znalost\u00ed psa i feny a jejich sourozenc\u016f a p\u0159edk\u016f a m\u011blo by b\u00fdt jasn\u00e9, jak\u00e9 budou mo\u017enosti potomk\u016f ze spojen\u00ed p\u0159i dal\u0161\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00ed v chovu. Po\u010d\u00edtat je v\u017edy t\u0159eba s t\u00edm, \u017ee bychom \u00fasp\u011bchu jedn\u00e9 chovatelsk\u00e9 stanice nem\u011bli d\u00e1vat p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed prosp\u011bchem plemene jako celku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by se m\u011bl chovatel vyhnout spojen\u00ed matky se synem nebo vlastn\u00edch sourozenc\u016f. Na p\u0159\u00edbuzenskou plemenitbu ale nelze sv\u00e1d\u011bt v\u0161echny probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 se v chovu jednotliv\u00fdch plemen mohou vyskytnout. On nemocn\u00fd, povahov\u011b nevyrovnan\u00fd nebo z pohledu standardu vadn\u00fd jedinec m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout i ze spojen\u00ed, kde p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho p\u0159edka nenajdete ani v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch deseti generac\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9: Otazn\u00edky kolem genetick\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed <\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ti, kdo se chovem ps\u016f zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed del\u0161\u00ed dobu si asi vzpomenou, \u017ee se o p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 plemenitb\u011b d\u0159\u00edve moc nemluvilo. Zlom nastal na konci XX. stolet\u00ed a nezanedbatelnou roli v tom hr\u00e1la kniha Chov ps\u016f v roce 2000. Napsal ji pan Hellmuth Wachtel a sna\u017eil se v n\u00ed upozornit na probl\u00e9my doprov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kryc\u00edch ps\u016f a p\u0159\u00edbuzenskou plemenitbu. … <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed „P\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e1 plemenitba u ps\u016f“<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":5097,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"P\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e1 plemenitba u ps\u016f | Labvet.cz","_seopress_titles_desc":"Chovatel\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed o exteri\u00e9ru psa. Ale sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed chovu je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed a ty p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e1 plemenitba m\u016f\u017ee negativn\u011b ovlivnit. 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